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My Recent Posts · (12/31/07

Ngy: Yes, Greek letters are earlier than the Latin alphabet. And yes, alphabet comes from the Greek alphabetos (Cheesyboard doesn't support the actual characters) via the late Latin alphabetum. The Greek alphabet is an adaptation of the ancient Phoenician alphabet, with the innovation of vowels. A western variant was the parent of a number of Italic alphabets, including the Latin, which became standard in Western Europe with the spread Roman Empire.

Greek is a beautiful language to look at and to hear. It's a little harder than Latin because the verb system is a lot less regular, but it's fun to learn and opens up a huge range of ancient literature (including Homer, Plato, and the Christian Bible). I miss using it very much.

P.S.
Homer
Hesiod
Aesop
Sappho of Lesbos (a Greek woman, actually)
Thales
Anaximenes
Anaximander
Pythagoras
Heraclitus
Democritus
Leonidas
The 300 Spartans
Draco
Solon
Cleisthenes
Miltiades
Cimon
Themistocles
Pericles
Nicias
Alcibiades
Cleon
Herodotus
Hippocrates
Thucydides
Aeschylus
Sophocles
Aristophanes
Euripides
Praxiteles
Myron
Phidias
Lysippus
Polyclitus
Polyeuctes
Scopas
Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
Pyrro of Elis
Diogenes
Epicurus
Zeno
Phillip of Macedon
Alexander the Great
Xenophon
Theocritus
Callimachus
Polybius
Menander
Euclid
Archimedes
Aristarchus
Eratosthenes
Hipparchus
Pytheas the Greek
Demosthenes
Apollonius of Rhodes
Josephus (Jewish but wrote in Greek)
St. Paul (ditto)
Philo of Alexandria (ditto)
Plutarch
Galen
St. John Chrysostom
Justinian
St. Cyril (of Cyrillic alphabet fame)
Nikos Kazantzakis
Aristotle Onassis
Gregorios Papadapolous (a pig, but such a great name)
Spiro Agnew
Paul Tsongas
Mike Dukakis
George Stephanopoulos
Tommy Lee (drummer for Mtley Cre)

Okay, so Philip and Alexander were Macedonian...

My Recent Posts · (12/31/07

I read a greek text and it sounds really like greek and it's like a page full of mathematical symbols.

Strangely, maths love to use greek letters. Commonly used are the sigma (the capital and also lowercase together), delta, gamma (in physics), beta (in physics too and electronics), alpha (also), epsilon and others.

Yeeeaaarrrgghhh!!

My Recent Posts · (12/31/07

Charlton Heston was Greek guy in Omega Man. Like Belusi in Animal House.

"Grattez votre twanger magique, froggy !!"

My Recent Posts · (01/01/08

I study Greek for one year only in correge before I go away to Engrand for philsoophy study, and I am not as far in Greek as crassics studenst, so could not continue. Is a sad, all I remember how to say is Athanatos hei psyche, The Soul is immortal. I say it once to good-looking waiter in Greektown, and strange! He not unnerstand me at all! He look at me quizzical, I repeat, he look no better unnerstand. I have a mumbel something feeble attempt at face-save, and act as though I really saying could I please have moussaka.

My Recent Posts · (01/01/08

pigafetta you forgot these five guys:

John Stamos ( Uncle Jessie from the 80's TV show Full House)

Yanni (he's that Greek instrumental music musician)

George Michael (his dad is Greek and is from Cyprus)

Sarbel (Greek pop singer)

And of course, my extremely strange former professor who played bass in Imperial Butt Wizards :rolleyes

My Recent Posts · (01/01/08

"Athanatos hei psyche" translates roughly into "Hubba, you like psychotic lady?" The poor waiter was probably frightened witless. Speaking a foreign language is unnatural. Stick to Engrish.

Have you been a nice boy and girl this year?

My Recent Posts · (01/01/08

rince, if you intoned "The Soul is Immortal" to the poor waiter at TGIFriday's I doubt they'd undertand any better. Quizzical understates.

My Recent Posts · (01/01/08

Cocoapuff (good to see you again, dear--this is WG

) : Not to mention John Keats, author of Ode to a Grecian Urn, and Canadian hockey great Maurice ("The Rocket") Richard, celbrity spokesperson for Grecian Formula 16.

Rince: Such awkward moments with Greek men are often rendered easier with handy expressions like eho kavles (or gama mou for the really slow ones). Actually, ancient Greek pronunciation (or "Erasmian," rather, since God knows how Socrates actually sounded) is considerably different than the modern, which probably accounts for your sweet Ganymede's confusion. In our culture, it would have been a bit like hitting on someone in Chaucer's English ("Woode lyest avunc mee?") Serves the dope right for not knowing his Plato, though. And his loss, I'm sure.

My Recent Posts · (07/05/08

Mutation frequencies vary significantly along nucleotide sequences such that mutations often concentrate at certain positions called hotspots. Mutation hotspots in DNA reflect intrinsic properties of the mutation process, such as sequence specificity, that manifests itself at the level of interaction between mutagens, lubricity of interactive surface modalities, DNA, and the action of the repair and replication machineries. The hotspots might also reflect structural and functional features of the respective DNA sequences. When mutations in a gene are identified using a particular experimental system, resulting hotspots could reflect the properties of the gene product and the mutant selection scheme. Cheap online dating venues are a primary etiology with resultant couplings that should not or could not have occured in nature. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence context of hotspots can provide information on the molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis. However, the determinants of mutation frequency and specificity are complex, and there are many analytical methods for their study. A review of computational approaches for analyzing mutation spectra (distribution of mutations along the target genes) that include many mutable (detectable) positions is required. The following methods are reviewed: deviation of a conceptus sequence, application of regression approaches to correlate nucleotide sequence features with mutation frequency, mutation hotspot prediction, analysis of oligonucleotide composition of regions containing mutations, pairwise comparison of mutation spectra, analysis of multiple spectra, and analysis of "context-free" characteristics. The advantages and pitfalls are well known from the literature. The most reliable analyses were obtained when several methods were combined and information from theoretical analysis and experimental observations was considered simultaneously. Simple, robust approaches should be used with small samples of mutations, whereas combinations of simple and complex approaches may be required for large samples. Several well-documented studies where analysis of mutation spectra has substantially contributed to the current understanding of molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis. The nucleotide sequence context of mutational hotspots is a fingerprint of interactions between DNA and DNA repair, replication, and modification enzymes, and the analysis of hotspot context provides evidence of such interactions. Based on the biological observation that mutations cluster in hot and coldspots the premise that sequence context strongly modulates the mutagenic outcome of an important base oxidation product, 8-oxoG, to isolate such sequences in vitro and to verify their competence by kinetic analysis. I find very strong correlation between my data and data available in vivo mutational spectra, demonstrating the effectiveness of the in vitro selection technique. As for most other DNA N-glycosylases, Fpg action is limited to removal of lesions in double-stranded DNA. The randomized portion in the oligonucleotide substrate used in the selection assay necessitate the use of DNA polymerase to generate a perfect complement for the chemically synthesized single monostrand containing 8-oxoG. An interesting and advantageous outcome of this step is the generation of double-stranded molecules in which the DNA polymerase, due to sequence context, incorporated A preferentially opposite the lesion. Because Fpg acts inefficiently on 8-oxoG paired with A, my selection scheme was predicted to identify sequence contexts that rendered 8-oxoG a poor substrate of Fpg either by reducing the efficiency of removing lesions paired with C or by increasing the efficiency of misincorporating A opposite the lesion. Most interesting, my results showed that, within the putative hotspot 5'-G(8-oxoG)A, both mechanisms operated. The 5'-G(8-oxoG)A putative hotspot not only supported higher efficiency of misincorporating A opposite the lesion by T4 DNA polymerase relative to other contexts but also higher efficiency of incorporating C, suggesting that this context had the general effect of minimizing lesion-induced distortion in the DNA structure. In addition, T4 DNA polymerase incorporated A opposite 8-oxoG and extended the resulting primer terminus with almost identical efficiency in this sequence context, simulating natural DNA synthesis (the rates of successive polymerization steps remain relatively constant during DNA synthesis on undamaged templates). In contrast, large variations in the efficiency of these two steps were observed during the incorporation of C opposite the lesion in the 5'-G(8-oxoG)A context and the incorporation of A opposite the lesion in the 5'-CC(8-oxoG)CC context. The latter observation suggested that the putative hotspot reduced lesion-induced distortions in DNA structure more efficiently when A was paired with the lesion. The strong correlation between predictions made by the in vitro selection and bacterial in vivo spectra on the one hand and human in vivo spectra on the other suggested that the sequence context effect was mediated by altering lesion presentation independently of bound proteins (repair glycosylases or DNA polymerases). On the other hand, the stronger correlation between the in vitro data and the bacterial mutational spectrum (relative to the human spectra) can be interpreted to reflect differences in the prokaryotic and eukaryotic enzymes involved in processing the lesion. Although it is probable that both notions are correct, further work is needed to resolve the relative effect of this sequence context on different polymerases and glycosylases. In addition, correlation with in vivo data must take into account the influence of the putative hotspot sequence context on MutY. I am currently in the process of further verifying my results by introducing plasmids carrying 8-oxoG in the putative hot- and coldspots into bacterial and mammalian cells and measuring the rate of G T transversions in the different contexts. I also am using purine analogs as nearest neighbors of 8-oxoG to define the exocyclic groups involved in effecting the higher mutagenic potential of the lesion. Finally, sequence context effects on modulating the mutagenic potential of other oxidative lesions such as 5-hydroxycytosine will be addressed using a similar in vitro selection scheme. Sorry it took so long to gin up this response but I had to make my bi-weekly trip to WalMart to ciphon gasoline out of cars in section 32A, rows 12-15 where the video surveillance lacks coverage.

My Recent Posts · (07/05/08

Ah, I don't really into Biochemistry and Genetics. WHat's all about anywayz?

My Recent Posts · (07/06/08

*ahem*

Doctor, if you check your notes I think you'll find that the topic at hand is Greek memes, not genes. Similar, but no cigar. Besides, in your case I'd skip the purine analogs and stick with the prune juice.

My Recent Posts · (07/06/08

Bunch a dam jive.

My Recent Posts · (07/06/08

Welcome back DSL.

My Recent Posts · (07/11/08

What is all this talk about science? I thought we were discussing famous Greeks and cute Greek guys here on this thread.

My Recent Posts · (07/11/08

Science IS cute!

Author	Comment
pigafetta	Re: Greek Memes	#61	[-]
Posts: 275 (12/31/07 08:09:36) Solly Challie Reply Quote More My Recent Posts Message Me Connection Blocking Invite Ignore User's Posts	Ngy: Yes, Greek letters are earlier than the Latin alphabet. And yes, alphabet comes from the Greek alphabetos (Cheesyboard doesn't support the actual characters) via the late Latin alphabetum. The Greek alphabet is an adaptation of the ancient Phoenician alphabet, with the innovation of vowels. A western variant was the parent of a number of Italic alphabets, including the Latin, which became standard in Western Europe with the spread Roman Empire. Greek is a beautiful language to look at and to hear. It's a little harder than Latin because the verb system is a lot less regular, but it's fun to learn and opens up a huge range of ancient literature (including Homer, Plato, and the Christian Bible). I miss using it very much. P.S. Homer Hesiod Aesop Sappho of Lesbos (a Greek woman, actually) Thales Anaximenes Anaximander Pythagoras Heraclitus Democritus Leonidas The 300 Spartans Draco Solon Cleisthenes Miltiades Cimon Themistocles Pericles Nicias Alcibiades Cleon Herodotus Hippocrates Thucydides Aeschylus Sophocles Aristophanes Euripides Praxiteles Myron Phidias Lysippus Polyclitus Polyeuctes Scopas Socrates Plato Aristotle Pyrro of Elis Diogenes Epicurus Zeno Phillip of Macedon Alexander the Great Xenophon Theocritus Callimachus Polybius Menander Euclid Archimedes Aristarchus Eratosthenes Hipparchus Pytheas the Greek Demosthenes Apollonius of Rhodes Josephus (Jewish but wrote in Greek) St. Paul (ditto) Philo of Alexandria (ditto) Plutarch Galen St. John Chrysostom Justinian St. Cyril (of Cyrillic alphabet fame) Nikos Kazantzakis Aristotle Onassis Gregorios Papadapolous (a pig, but such a great name) Spiro Agnew Paul Tsongas Mike Dukakis George Stephanopoulos Tommy Lee (drummer for Mtley Cre) Okay, so Philip and Alexander were Macedonian...
ngyonghan	Re: Greek Memes	#62	[-]
Posts: 5185 (12/31/07 09:28:35) **Trees and flowers await your love** Reply Quote More My Recent Posts Message Me Connection Blocking Invite Ignore User's Posts	I read a greek text and it sounds really like greek and it's like a page full of mathematical symbols. Strangely, maths love to use greek letters. Commonly used are the sigma (the capital and also lowercase together), delta, gamma (in physics), beta (in physics too and electronics), alpha (also), epsilon and others. Yeeeaaarrrgghhh!!
Harry Paget Flashman	Re: Greek Memes	#63	[-]
Posts: 10259 (12/31/07 23:45:08) {9}Giant Big Man Club{9} Reply Quote More My Recent Posts Message Me Connection Blocking Invite Ignore User's Posts	Charlton Heston was Greek guy in Omega Man. Like Belusi in Animal House. "Grattez votre twanger magique, froggy !!"
rince1wind	Re: Greek Memes	#64	[-]
Posts: 3684 (01/01/08 06:51:43) Let's Enjoy With Me Reply Quote More My Recent Posts Message Me Connection Blocking Invite Ignore User's Posts	I study Greek for one year only in correge before I go away to Engrand for philsoophy study, and I am not as far in Greek as crassics studenst, so could not continue. Is a sad, all I remember how to say is Athanatos hei psyche, The Soul is immortal. I say it once to good-looking waiter in Greektown, and strange! He not unnerstand me at all! He look at me quizzical, I repeat, he look no better unnerstand. I have a mumbel something feeble attempt at face-save, and act as though I really saying could I please have moussaka.
kohakufox	Re: Greek Memes	#65	[-]
Posts: 1022 (01/01/08 10:02:13) Happy Life in Good Reply Quote More My Recent Posts Message Me Connection Blocking Invite Ignore User's Posts	pigafetta you forgot these five guys: John Stamos ( Uncle Jessie from the 80's TV show Full House) Yanni (he's that Greek instrumental music musician) George Michael (his dad is Greek and is from Cyprus) Sarbel (Greek pop singer) And of course, my extremely strange former professor who played bass in Imperial Butt Wizards
Super Love PhD	Re: Greek Memes	#66	[-]
Posts: 3035 (01/01/08 11:50:09) Status Clitical Reply Quote More My Recent Posts Message Me Connection Blocking Invite Ignore User's Posts	"Athanatos hei psyche" translates roughly into "Hubba, you like psychotic lady?" The poor waiter was probably frightened witless. Speaking a foreign language is unnatural. Stick to Engrish. Have you been a nice boy and girl this year?
jmcc	Re: Greek Memes	#67	[-]
Posts: 8671 (01/01/08 21:12:45) {7}Feel Enjoy!{7} Reply Quote More My Recent Posts Message Me Connection Blocking Invite Ignore User's Posts	rince, if you intoned "The Soul is Immortal" to the poor waiter at TGIFriday's I doubt they'd undertand any better. Quizzical understates.
pigafetta	Re: Greek Memes	#68	[-]
Posts: 275 (01/01/08 21:39:08) Solly Challie Reply Quote More My Recent Posts Message Me Connection Blocking Invite Ignore User's Posts	Cocoapuff (good to see you again, dear--this is WG ) : Not to mention John Keats, author of Ode to a Grecian Urn, and Canadian hockey great Maurice ("The Rocket") Richard, celbrity spokesperson for Grecian Formula 16. Rince: Such awkward moments with Greek men are often rendered easier with handy expressions like eho kavles (or gama mou for the really slow ones). Actually, ancient Greek pronunciation (or "Erasmian," rather, since God knows how Socrates actually sounded) is considerably different than the modern, which probably accounts for your sweet Ganymede's confusion. In our culture, it would have been a bit like hitting on someone in Chaucer's English ("Woode lyest avunc mee?") Serves the dope right for not knowing his Plato, though. And his loss, I'm sure.
Super Love PhD		#69	[-]
Posts: 3032 (07/05/08 19:25:59) Status Clitical Reply Quote More My Recent Posts Message Me Connection Blocking Invite Ignore User's Posts	Mutation frequencies vary significantly along nucleotide sequences such that mutations often concentrate at certain positions called hotspots. Mutation hotspots in DNA reflect intrinsic properties of the mutation process, such as sequence specificity, that manifests itself at the level of interaction between mutagens, lubricity of interactive surface modalities, DNA, and the action of the repair and replication machineries. The hotspots might also reflect structural and functional features of the respective DNA sequences. When mutations in a gene are identified using a particular experimental system, resulting hotspots could reflect the properties of the gene product and the mutant selection scheme. Cheap online dating venues are a primary etiology with resultant couplings that should not or could not have occured in nature. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence context of hotspots can provide information on the molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis. However, the determinants of mutation frequency and specificity are complex, and there are many analytical methods for their study. A review of computational approaches for analyzing mutation spectra (distribution of mutations along the target genes) that include many mutable (detectable) positions is required. The following methods are reviewed: deviation of a conceptus sequence, application of regression approaches to correlate nucleotide sequence features with mutation frequency, mutation hotspot prediction, analysis of oligonucleotide composition of regions containing mutations, pairwise comparison of mutation spectra, analysis of multiple spectra, and analysis of "context-free" characteristics. The advantages and pitfalls are well known from the literature. The most reliable analyses were obtained when several methods were combined and information from theoretical analysis and experimental observations was considered simultaneously. Simple, robust approaches should be used with small samples of mutations, whereas combinations of simple and complex approaches may be required for large samples. Several well-documented studies where analysis of mutation spectra has substantially contributed to the current understanding of molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis. The nucleotide sequence context of mutational hotspots is a fingerprint of interactions between DNA and DNA repair, replication, and modification enzymes, and the analysis of hotspot context provides evidence of such interactions. Based on the biological observation that mutations cluster in hot and coldspots the premise that sequence context strongly modulates the mutagenic outcome of an important base oxidation product, 8-oxoG, to isolate such sequences in vitro and to verify their competence by kinetic analysis. I find very strong correlation between my data and data available in vivo mutational spectra, demonstrating the effectiveness of the in vitro selection technique. As for most other DNA N-glycosylases, Fpg action is limited to removal of lesions in double-stranded DNA. The randomized portion in the oligonucleotide substrate used in the selection assay necessitate the use of DNA polymerase to generate a perfect complement for the chemically synthesized single monostrand containing 8-oxoG. An interesting and advantageous outcome of this step is the generation of double-stranded molecules in which the DNA polymerase, due to sequence context, incorporated A preferentially opposite the lesion. Because Fpg acts inefficiently on 8-oxoG paired with A, my selection scheme was predicted to identify sequence contexts that rendered 8-oxoG a poor substrate of Fpg either by reducing the efficiency of removing lesions paired with C or by increasing the efficiency of misincorporating A opposite the lesion. Most interesting, my results showed that, within the putative hotspot 5'-G(8-oxoG)A, both mechanisms operated. The 5'-G(8-oxoG)A putative hotspot not only supported higher efficiency of misincorporating A opposite the lesion by T4 DNA polymerase relative to other contexts but also higher efficiency of incorporating C, suggesting that this context had the general effect of minimizing lesion-induced distortion in the DNA structure. In addition, T4 DNA polymerase incorporated A opposite 8-oxoG and extended the resulting primer terminus with almost identical efficiency in this sequence context, simulating natural DNA synthesis (the rates of successive polymerization steps remain relatively constant during DNA synthesis on undamaged templates). In contrast, large variations in the efficiency of these two steps were observed during the incorporation of C opposite the lesion in the 5'-G(8-oxoG)A context and the incorporation of A opposite the lesion in the 5'-CC(8-oxoG)CC context. The latter observation suggested that the putative hotspot reduced lesion-induced distortions in DNA structure more efficiently when A was paired with the lesion. The strong correlation between predictions made by the in vitro selection and bacterial in vivo spectra on the one hand and human in vivo spectra on the other suggested that the sequence context effect was mediated by altering lesion presentation independently of bound proteins (repair glycosylases or DNA polymerases). On the other hand, the stronger correlation between the in vitro data and the bacterial mutational spectrum (relative to the human spectra) can be interpreted to reflect differences in the prokaryotic and eukaryotic enzymes involved in processing the lesion. Although it is probable that both notions are correct, further work is needed to resolve the relative effect of this sequence context on different polymerases and glycosylases. In addition, correlation with in vivo data must take into account the influence of the putative hotspot sequence context on MutY. I am currently in the process of further verifying my results by introducing plasmids carrying 8-oxoG in the putative hot- and coldspots into bacterial and mammalian cells and measuring the rate of G T transversions in the different contexts. I also am using purine analogs as nearest neighbors of 8-oxoG to define the exocyclic groups involved in effecting the higher mutagenic potential of the lesion. Finally, sequence context effects on modulating the mutagenic potential of other oxidative lesions such as 5-hydroxycytosine will be addressed using a similar in vitro selection scheme. Sorry it took so long to gin up this response but I had to make my bi-weekly trip to WalMart to ciphon gasoline out of cars in section 32A, rows 12-15 where the video surveillance lacks coverage. Have you been a nice boy and girl this year?
ngyonghan		#70	[-]
Posts: 4889 (07/05/08 21:50:16) **Trees and flowers await your love** Reply Quote More My Recent Posts Message Me Connection Blocking Invite Ignore User's Posts	Ah, I don't really into Biochemistry and Genetics. WHat's all about anywayz? [Do you feel enjoy today? Certainly yes!]
jmcc		#71	[-]
Posts: 8020 (07/06/08 08:57:59) {7}Feel Enjoy!{7} Reply Quote More My Recent Posts Message Me Connection Blocking Invite Ignore User's Posts	ahem Doctor, if you check your notes I think you'll find that the topic at hand is Greek memes, not genes. Similar, but no cigar. Besides, in your case I'd skip the purine analogs and stick with the prune juice. Heavens!
JeauxMama		#72	[-]
Posts: 195 (07/06/08 13:20:17) Reply Quote More My Recent Posts Message Me Connection Blocking Invite Ignore User's Posts	Bunch a dam jive.
huanthehound		#73	[-]
Posts: 1287 (07/06/08 19:15:21) Wild Drip Reply Quote More My Recent Posts Message Me Connection Blocking Invite Ignore User's Posts	Welcome back DSL. --
kohakufox		#74	[-]
Posts: 837 (07/11/08 09:41:34) Happy Life in Good Reply Quote More My Recent Posts Message Me Connection Blocking Invite Ignore User's Posts	What is all this talk about science? I thought we were discussing famous Greeks and cute Greek guys here on this thread.
jmcc		#75	[-]
Posts: 8033 (07/11/08 10:39:40) {7}Feel Enjoy!{7} Reply Quote More My Recent Posts Message Me Connection Blocking Invite Ignore User's Posts	Science IS cute!

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